The Sri Lanka Administrative Service (SLAS) is the key administrative service of the Government of Sri Lanka, with civil servants working for both in the Central Government as well as in the provincial councils.. It was formed as the Ceylon Administrative Service (CAS) in 1963 as the successor to the Ceylon Civil Service which was abolished on May 1, 1963. It is the senior of the public services.
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Based on the British Civil Service the SLAS is the permanent bureaucracy that helps the elected officials on day-to-day functions of government. They are selected, promoted by the Public Service Commission. But top positions in the government such as Permanent Secretaries are appointed by the President, in theory on the recommendations of the Public Service Commission.
A Permanent Secretary is the top bureaucrat of the government ministry and is responsible for the day-to-day functions of the ministry whereas in theory the minister is responsible only for drafting policy. The head of the SLAS is the Secretary to the President.
A Chief Secretary is a Special Grade officer of the Sri Lanka Administrative Service in the provinces which is equivalent to a Permanent Secretary of the central government known as Chief Secretary. There are nine Chief Secretaries, one for each of the nine provinces.
Grading schemes[edit]
Until 2005, broader term officers are classed into SLAS class 1 officers, SLAS class 2 grade 1, and SLAS class 2 grade 2. All grades from SLAS class 1 and above (see table) are part of the 'Senior officers '. The Secretary to the Treasury was the traditional head of the Civil Service during the time of the old Ceylon Civil Service, but in years after the establishment of the SLAS the Presidents Secretary is the de facto head of the SLAS.
After 1 January 2005 Sri Lanka Administrative service introduced four grades, such as:
- Special Grade offices (present cadre is 200)
- Class I officers (present cadre is 507)
- Class II officers (present cadre is 639)
- Class III officers (present cadre is 1059)
Below the 'Senior officers '(Special Grade offices, Class I officers and ), each individual department can put in place its own grading.
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Islamic dua book bangla free download pdf. The traditional titles for each grade of the civil service are as follows:
Traditional Title | Alternative Title | Grade |
---|---|---|
Secretary to the President | Secretary to the Treasury | Special Grade offices |
Permanent Secretary | Chief Secretary | Special Grade officers |
Additional Secretary | Commissioner-General, Director-General | Special Grade officers |
Senior Assistant Secretary | Commissioner, Director | Class I officers |
Assistant Secretary | Deputy Commissioner, Deputy Director | Class II officers |
Titles vary widely | Assistant Commissioner, Assistant Director | Class II officers |
- The post of Deputy Secretary is only used in the Ministry of Finance is ranked just below the post of Permanent Secretary.
Notable members of the SLAS[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Administrative_Service&oldid=845361798'
The Sri Lankan Advanced Level (A-level), is a General Certificate of Education (GCE) qualification exam in Sri Lanka, similar to the BritishAdvanced Level, conducted annually by the Department of Examinations of the Ministry of Education. It is usually taken by students during the optional final two years of collegiate level (grade 12 and 13 or external (non-school) candidates), after they have completed GCEOrdinary Level exams. The majority of candidates enter the exams via their respective schools, while candidates who have finished school education can also apply as private applicants. The qualification also serves as an entrance requirement for Sri Lankan state universities. The exams are held in three mediums: Sinhala, Tamil and English.
Fields of Study[edit]
The candidates are expected to study for 2 years at collegiate level before taking the examination. The examination diversifies over 5 major fields of study,
- Physical Science stream (Combined mathematics, Physics and Chemistry or information technology )
- Biological Science stream (Biology (Botany and Zoology), Physics or Agricultural science and Chemistry)
- Commerce stream
- Arts stream
- Technology stream (The subjects include Engineering Technology, Bio-system Technology, Science for Technology and a category subject)
In each stream, candidates are expected to face 3 subjects related to the specific stream. Additionally, there would be a General English test and a Common General test. Although the result of the General English test is not taken into account for the University Entrance selection criteria, candidates are expected to obtain a pass mark for the Common General test.
Exam procedure[edit]
The exams are conducted each year in August, in selected national schools across the country. Invigilators and supervisors are appointed by the Department of Examinations and they are typically qualified teachers of the local school system. Candidates are allowed to sit for the exam 3 times to qualify for a state university, i.e. the candidates have to meet the minimum requirements for university admission within 3 attempts in order gain university admission. Candidates can sit for the examination any number of times in order to qualify for private courses or any other job requirements. The test assessments are carried out by marking panels usually consisting of qualified and experienced school teachers in service, who are guided by supervisors (usually university lecturers). It takes about 4–5 months for the final results of the island wide examination to be released and candidates have to wait further for around one year to enter a local university, depending on the university and the course/field of study.
Physical Science stream[edit]
Physical Science stream is also known as Maths stream. Mathematics stream has four main subjects: Combined Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Under the recent syllabus, candidates can choose between either Chemistry or ICT, though Combined Mathematics and Physics are mandatory.Combined Mathematics is a combination of Pure Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. Previously, the candidates had to follow these two subjects separately; by introducing Combined Mathematics syllabi, the two separate subjects were appended and redrafted.
The curriculum also consists of practical experiments that students are expected to participate in school laboratories.
Biological Science stream[edit]
Biological Science stream consists of three subjects: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Agricultural Science as an optional subject. Candidates can choose either Physics or Agricultural Science. Biology and chemistry are mandatory for all candidates
Commerce stream[edit]
Commerce Stream has three main subjects. They are Accounting, Business Studies and Economics. Candidates do have the option of selecting either Business Studies or Business Statistics and Economics or Information Technology (IT)
Technology stream[edit]
Technology stream was introduced in 2013.[1] The subjects include Engineering Technology, Bio-system Technology, Science for Technology, and ICT, or any other subject from the category. Candidates can choose between either Engineering Technology or Bio-system Technology. Science for Technology is a compulsory subject for both Engineering and Bio-system candidates.Since the stream is relatively new, number of schools that have the facilities to teach the stream is limited or null in some areas for those who want to study those subjects.
Arts stream[edit]
Arts stream consists of Arts, Languages, Logic & Scientific method, Aesthetic, and also Economics subjects.
Criticism[edit]
It has been noted that in recent years the exam has become extremely competitive and even traumatic for most high school students in Sri Lanka. For the academic year of 2013, out of 55,241 candidates who applied for university admission, only 43.8% were able to gain access to the state universities through the University Grants Commission (UGC), despite satisfying minimum requirements for admission.[2] According to a 2010 study by Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, symptoms of anxiety and depression were common more among students in GCE Advanced Level classes compared to other grades. Students in grade 13 had the second highest depression and anxiety scores, with examination related issues being the most commonly cited problem. Out of the 445 students that were assessed, 22.9% of students in grade 12 and 28.6% in grade 13 reportedly had severe depression, while 28.6% in grade 12 and 32.1% in grade 13 had severe anxiety.[3] Due to the intimidating nature of the exam, family pressure, and social stigma resulting from exam results, most students tend to get severely depressed if they fail to achieve desired results. Some cases of suicide have been linked to the exam.[4][5][6]
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
What Are The Al Subjects In Sri Lanka
- ^''Technology' is introduced as a new stream into the Advanced Level subject streams'. Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^'Academic Year 2013/2014'(PDF). University Grants Commission - Sri Lanka. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
- ^Rodrigo, Chaturaka; Welgama, Srina; Gurusinghe, Jayantha; Wijeratne, Thilina; Jayananda, Gamini; Rajapakse, Senaka (2010). 'Symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescent students; a perspective from Sri Lanka'(PDF). Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 4: 10. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-10. PMC2855518. PMID20334654. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^'Student who failed A/L's commits suicide'. Hiru News. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
- ^'Student commits suicide over A/L admission, principal suspended'. Ada Derana. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^Abeysekera, Nalin Abeysekera. 'Education System of Sri Lanka- is committing suicide, a social outcome?'. Asian Tribune. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
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External links[edit]
National Id Application Sri Lanka
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